SCIENCE STUDIES CORE SEMINAR, WINTER 1996

                      HIGR 239, PHIL 209B, SOC G255B


              KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE, AND VALUES IN BIOMEDICINE

               Professors Gerald Doppelt and Steven Epstein


                      Tuesdays, 9:00-12:00, H&SS 3009






Schedule of Readings:


Jan 9: Introduction


PART ONE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEDICAL OBJECTS AND SUBJECTS

Jan 16: Concepts of Disease and Illness

     Christopher Boorse, "On the Distinction Between Disease and Illness," in Contemporary
          Issues in Bioethics, ed. Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters (Belmont:
          Wadsworth, 1982), 64-73.

     H. Tristram Englehardt, Jr., "The Roles of Values in the Discovery of Illnesses, Diseases,
          and Disorders," in Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, ed. Tom L. Beauchamp and
          LeRoy Walters (Belmont: Wadsworth, 1982), 73-75.

     Peter Sedgwick, Psycho Politics (London: Pluto Press, 1982), 28-42.

     Peter Wright and Andrew Treacher, "Introduction," in The Problem of Medical
          Knowledge, ed. P. Wright and A. Treacher (Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press,
          1982), 1-22.

     E.J. Yoxen, "Constructing Genetic Diseases," in The Problem of Medical Knowledge, ed.
          P. Wright and A. Treacher (Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1982), 144-161.


Jan 23: Language and Metaphor in the Understanding of Medicine

     Wilfrid Sellars, chapter 1 ("Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man") in Science,
          Perception and Reality (London: Routledge).

     Emily Martin, Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture from the Days of
          Polio to the Age of AIDS (Boston: Beacon Press, 1994), 44-112.

     Setha M. Low, "Medical Practice in Response to a Folk Illness: The Diagnosis and
          Treatment of Nervios in Costa Rica," in Biomedicine Examined, ed. M. Lock and
          D.R. Gordon (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1988): 415-438.

     Susan Sontag, Illness as Metaphor (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1978), 3-4, 43-
          71.

     Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock, "The Message in the Bottle: Illness and the
          Micropolitics of Resistance," Journal of Psychohistory 18, no. 4 (Spring 1991):
          409-432.


Jan 30: Medicalized Bodies and Selves

     David Armstrong, Political Anatomy of the Body (Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ.
          Press, 1983), 1-18.

     Nancy Fraser, "Foucault on Modern Power," Praxis International 1 (1981).

     Stefan Hirschauer, "The Manufacture of Bodies in Surgery," Social Studies of Science 21,
          no. 2 (May 1991): 279-319.

     Charis Cussins, "Kinship Making in an Infertility Clinic," in Cyborg Babies, eds. J.
          Dumit and R. Davis-Floyd, forthcoming.

     Michael Kelly, "Self, Identity, and Radical Surgery," Sociology of Health & Illness 14,
          no. 3 (1992): 390-415.



PART TWO: BIOMEDICINE BETWEEN "ART" AND "SCIENCE"


Feb 6: Clinical Judgment

     NOTE: By this date, students should have turned in a paper topic and discussed it
     with Jerry and/or Steve.

     Eliot Freidson, chapter 8 ("The Clinical Mentality") in Profession of Medicine: A Study
          of the Sociology of Applied Knowledge (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1988),
          158-184.

     Deborah R. Gordon, "Clinical Science and Clinical Expertise: Changing Boundaries
          Between Art and Science in Medicine," in Biomedicine Examined, ed. M. Lock
          and D.R. Gordon (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishing, 1988), 257-295.

     Carl Hempel, chapters 2 and 5 of Philosophy of Natural Science (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
          Prentice-Hall, 1966).

     Paul Moser, introduction to Rationality in Action (Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ.
          Press, 1990).

     Marc Berg, "The Construction of Medical Disposals: Medical Sociology and Medical
          Problem Solving in Clinical Practice," Sociology of Health & Illness 14, no. 2
          (1992): 151-180.

     Theresa Montini and Kathleen Slobin, "Tensions Between Good Science and Good
          Practice: Lagging Behind and Leapfrogging Ahead Along the Cancer Care
          Continuum," Research in the Sociology of Health Care 9 (1991): 127-140.


Feb 13: Medical Ethics in Social Context

     Alan H. Goldman, The Moral Foundations of Professional Ethics (Savage, MD: Rowman
          & Littlefield, 1980), 156-229.

     David J. Rothman, chapter 11 of Strangers at the Bedside (New York: Basic Books,
          1991), 222-246.

     Ren‚e R. Anspach, chapters 2-3 of Deciding Who Lives (Berkeley: Univ. of California
          Press, 1993).

     Barbara A. Koenig, "The Technological Imperative in Medical Practice," in Biomedicine
          Examined, ed. M. Lock and D.R. Gordon (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic
          Publishing, 1988), 456-496.



PART THREE: BIOMEDICINE BETWEEN "SYSTEM" AND "LIFEWORLD"


Feb 20: Authority, Rationalization, and Resistance

     Paul Starr, The Social Transformation of American Medicine (New York: Basic Books,
          1982), 9-17.

     Jrgen Habermas, "Technology and Science as Ideology," in Toward a Rational Society
          (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970), 81-122.

     Graham Scambler, "Habermas and the Power of Medical Expertise," in Sociological
          Theory and Medical Sociology, ed. Graham Scambler (London: Tavistock, 1987),
          165-193.

     Ivan Illich, chapter 2 of Medical Nemesis (New York: Pantheon, 1976).



Feb 27: Medicine, Social Control, and the Negotiation of Meaning

     Talcott Parsons, The Social System (New York: Free Press, 1951), 436-454.

     Barbara and John Ehrenreich, "Medicine and Social Control," in The Cultural Crisis of
          Modern Medicine, ed. John Ehrenreich (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978),
          39-79.

     Sue Fisher, chapters 5-6 in Nursing Wounds (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press,
          1995), 110-172.


Mar 5: Encounters Between Worlds

     Steven Epstein, "The Construction of Lay Expertise: AIDS Activism and the Forging of
          Credibility in the Reform of Clinical Trials," Science, Technology, & Human
          Values 20, no. 4 (Autumn 1995): 408-437.

     Andrew Feenberg, "On Being a Human Subject: Interest and Obligation in the
          Experimental Treatment of Incurable Disease," in Alternative Modernity (Berkeley:
          Univ. of California Press, 1995).

     Joan H. Fujimura, "The Molecular Biological Bandwagon in Cancer Research:  Where
          Social Worlds Meet," Social Problems 35, no. 3 (June 1988): 261-83.

     Hilary Arksey, "Expert and Lay Participation in the Construction of Medical Knowledge,"
          Sociology of Health & Illness 16, no. 4 (1994): 448-468. 


Mar 12: Health, Risk, and Knowledge Controversies in Public Arenas

     **PAPERS DUE**

     James C. Petersen and Gerald E. Markle, "Expansion of Conflict in Cancer
          Controversies," Research in Social Movements, Conflict and Change 4 (1981):
          151-169. 

     Evelleen Richards, "The Politics of Therapeutic Evaluation: The Vitamic C and Cancer
          Controversy," Social Studies of Science vol. 18 (1988): 653-701.

     Deborah Lupton, chapter 3 ("Taming Uncertainty") in The Imperatives of Health (London:
          Sage, 1995), 77-105.

     Norman Daniels, chapter 4 ("AIDS and Insurability: Ethical Issues in Underwriting") in
          Seeking Fair Treatment (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995).